A Short Guide to Referencing – Part II (Reference List)

Approved by: Learning Development Unit

Date of approval: 16/08/2017

Overview

This short guide has been written in order to assist students and staff on how to appropriately use the Harvard system of referencing in a reference list.

Contents

General rule

The purpose of a reference list is to enable sources to be easily traced by another reader. The Harvard style lays down standards for the order and content of information in the reference. Some variations of presentation are acceptable provided that they are used consistently.

All items should be listed alphabetically by author or authorship, regardless of the format, whether books, websites or journal articles etc. Where there are several works from one author or source they should by listed together, in date order, with the earliest work listed first.

Detailed guidance

Books written by one or more authors

You should use information presented in the cover and the copyright pages for the reference details.

Only include the edition where it is not the first. A book with no edition statement is most commonly a first edition.

The required elements for a book reference are:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of book. Edition. (Include this if not the first edition) Place of publication (this must be a town or city, not a country): Publisher.

Examples:

Dyson, J. R. (1987) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

Dyson, J. R. (2010) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students. 8^th edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

The required elements for a book reference with 2-3 authors:

Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8^th edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

The required elements for a book reference with more than 3 authors:

Moore, S., Neville, C., Murphy, M. and Connolly, C. (2014) The Ultimate Study Skills Handbook. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

For books which are edited give the editor(s) surname(s) and initials, followed by ed. or eds. The required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials. ed. (Year) Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher.

For books which have been translated the reference should include details of the translator as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of book. Translated from (language) by (name of translator, initials first, then surname) Place of publication: Publisher.

For books which are reprints of classic original works, the reference should include details of the original date of the work and reprinting details, as follows:

Author, Initials. (Original Year) Title of book. Imprint/reprint and then year. Place of publication: Publisher.

E-books and PDFs

For e-books accessed through a password protected database from the College such as accessing ProQuest via the college’s e-learning, you should reference as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of book. [e-book]. Place of publication: Publisher. Followed by Available through: Mont Rose College ProQuest Library website < https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/auth/lib/mrcollege-ebooks/login.action?returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fmrcollege-ebooks%2Fbookshelf.action > [Accessed date].

Example

Dyson, J. R. (2010). Accounting for Non-Accounting Students. [e-book]. 8^th edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Available through: Mont Rose College ProQuest Library website < https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/auth/lib/mrcollege-ebooks/login.action?returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral.proquest.com%2Flib%2Fmrcollege-ebooks%2Fbookshelf.action > [Accessed 1 August 2017].

For an open access e-book freely available over the internet such as through Google books, you should reference as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of book. [e-book]. Place of publication: Publisher. Followed by Available at: e-book source and web address or URL for the e-book [Accessed date].

For an e-book from specific e-readers and other devices such as Kindle, you should reference as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of book. [e-book type]. Place of publication (if available): Publisher. Followed by Available at: e-book source and web address [Accessed date].

Example

Patterson, M. (2012) Lost places in dreams. [Kindle DX version]. Transworld Media. Available at: Amazon.co.uk <http:// www.amazon.co.uk> [Accessed 9 June 2012].

For a pdf version of, for example, a Government publication or similar which is freely available, you should reference as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of document. [type of medium] Place of publication (if known): Publisher. Followed by Available at: URL for the actual pdf [Accessed date].

Example

HM Treasury. (2016) Budget 2016. [pdf] HM Treasury. Available at: < https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/508193/HMT_Budget_2016_Web_Accessible.pdf> [Accessed 1 August 2017].

Articles from journals and other media

You should reference print articles, and online articles that have a print equivalent as follows:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of article. Full Title of Journal, Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page number(s).

Example

Weihrich, H. (1982) The TOWS matrix – A tool for situational analysis. Long Range Planning, 15 (2); p.3-137.

For a journal abstract from a database where you have been unable to access the full article, the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of article. Full Title of Journal, [type of medium] Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if available. Abstract only. Available through: Source [Accessed date].

Example

David, F. R. (1986) The Strategic Planning Matrix—a quantitative approach. Long Range Planning, [e-journal] 19(5). Abstract only. Available through: Science Direct website < http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0024630186900154> [Accessed 1August 2017].

Every effort should be made to read the article in full if you intend to use this work as supporting evidence in an academic submission.

For newspaper articles, the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials. (Year) Title of article or column header. Full Title of Newspaper, Day and month before page numbers and column line.

Example

Smith, G. (2017) BAE issues profit warning. Evening Standard, 14 Sept. p.36c.

(In the page reference. p.36c – “36” indicates that the article is on page 36 of the newspaper, columns of print on a page are labelled left to right alphabetically, so in this example “c” indicates that this is the third column of newsprint across the page from left to right.)

For online newspaper articles, the required elements for a reference are:

Author or corporate author, (Year). Title of document or page. Name of newspaper, [type of medium] additional date information. Available at: <url> [Accessed date].

Example

Chittenden, M., Rogers, L. and Smith, D. (2003) Focus: ‘Targetitis ails NHS. Times Online, [online] 1 June. Available at: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article1138006.ece [Accessed 17 March 2005].

Other source types

Acts of parliament

Short title (with key words capitalized), which includes the year followed by the chapter number in brackets. Place of publication: Publisher

Finance Act 2015 (c.2) London: HMSO.

Secondary legislation (Statutory Instruments)

Short title (with key words capitalized). Year. the abbreviation ‘SI’ followed by the year of publication and the SI number. Place of publication: Publisher

The Apprenticeships (Modifications to the Specification of Apprenticeship Standards for England) Order 2017. 2017 SI 2017/794. London: HMSO.

Law reports

You should follow accepted legal citations which are not part Harvard system. The citation should contain the following:

Name of the parties involved, the year of reporting in square brackets, the volume, the abbreviation for the law reporting series, part number/case number/page reference if available.

Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256.

Annual reports

Corporate author, Year. Full title of annual report, Place of Publication: Publisher.

Pearson (2016) Digital learning, Annual report and accounts 2016, London: Pearson.

For an e-version of an annual report,

Corporate author, Year. Title of document [type of medium]. Available at: URL [Accessed date]

Pearson (2016) Digital learning, Annual report and accounts 2016 [online]. Available at: https://www.pearson.com/corporate/ar2016.html [Accessed 1 August 2017].

British standards (BSI) and International standards (ISO)

Corporate author, Year of Publication. Identifying letters and numbers and full title of Standard, Place of publication: Publisher.

British Standards Institution (2008) BS18004:2008 Guide to achieving effective occupational health and safety performance. Milton Keynes: BSI.

International Standards Office (2015) ISO 9001 – Quality management systems – Requirements. Geneva: ISO.

Conference reports and papers

For conference reports,

Corporate author. (Year) Full title of conference report. Location, Date. Place of publication: Publisher.

World Health Organisation (2011) World conference on social determinants of health. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-21 October 2011. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

For conference papers,

Author, Initials., Year. Full title of conference paper. In: followed by editor or name of organisation, Full title of conference. Location, Date. Place of publication: Publisher.

Benton, T. (2016) Evidence for the reliability of coursework. In: AEA (Association for Educational Assessment), 17th annual AEA Europe conference. Limassol, Cyprus, 3-5 November 2016. Arnhem: AEA Europe.

Course materials and lecture notes

It is important to check with the lecturer who has given the lecture that they are in agreement with course material being included in any Reference List. If they are in agreement, and if it is not a publicly available document, it is important to provide a copy in the Appendix of your work. The citation to the course material in your Reference List should then also refer to the Appendix. It would also be advisable to follow up any sources mentioned in your lecture and read these for yourself.

Lecturer/Author, Initials., (Year). Title of item, Module Code Module title. HE Institution, unpublished.

Adam, G. (2017) Approaches to operations management, D/508/0488 Management and Operations. Mont Rose College of Management and Sciences – Pearson BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Business, unpublished. (See appendix A).

Television/Radio Programme

The title of the programme/show, (Year). Television Channel, Date of Screening

The Apprentice (2016) ITV 1 Television, 20 August.

Websites

For websites found on the internet the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Year. Title of web document or web page. [type of medium]. Available at: URL [Accessed date].

National Health Executive. (2017) How NHS organisations can protect themselves against cybercrime. [Online]. Available at: http://www.nationalhealthexecutive.com/Interviews/how-nhs-organisations-can-protect-themselves-against-cyber-crime [Accessed 1 August 2017].

Emails

Particular care needs to be taken if you are quoting from these as they may include personal email addresses and be from a restricted source. Permission should be sought before these sources are quoted.

For email correspondence, you should reference as follows:

Name of sender, email address, Year. Message or subject title from posting line. [type of medium] Recipient’s name and (email address). Date sent: Including time. Available at: URL (e.g. details of where message is archived) [Accessed date].

Lara, L., [email protected], (2017) Attendance report for April 2016 (B) cohort. [email] Message to R G. Gordon ([email protected]). Sent Tuesday 1 August 2017: 09:13. Available at: < https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/15d9e9410e83a318 > [Accessed 2 June 2017].

Social media

Using Twitter for example, you should reference as follows:

Author, Initials., (Year). Full text of tweet. [Social Media Type] Day/month tweet written. Available at: <URL> [Date accessed].

Branson, R. (2017) Why you should never be afraid of being copied in business. [Twitter] 02 August. Available at: < https://twitter.com/richardbranson/ > [Accessed 02 August 2017].

For other types of social media which allow a title, you should rather give the title of the article rather than the full text.

Video or film

The suggested reference for videos is as follows:

Screen name of contributor, Year. Video Title, Series Title. (if relevant) [type of medium] Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date].

PWC’s Strategy (2014) What is a capability?

Available at: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umGHmyXJ6qk&list=PL9AFhrGglhdIWPP0SgEHKcgAFgn_RZrn6 > [Accessed 02 August 2017].

The suggested reference for films is as follows:

Title (Year of release) [Medium] Director. Country of origin: Film studio.

Titanic (1997) [Film] Directed by James Cameron. USA: 20th Century Fox.